>>598There are three things at play:
1. This is a logic chip, so pin 2 is either 'on' or 'off', with on always being the same voltage. So we either get high voltage or nothing sent to the audio output. This gives the output a square waveform.
2. The "Schmitt Trigger": The threshold to trigger the gate to flip to 'on' (a low voltage at pin 1) and the threshold to flip back to off (a high voltage at pin 2) are different on this chip. So when pin 2 is 'off' the voltage supplied to pin 1 has to decay quite a bit before pin 2 will switch 'on' again. Once it's on the voltage has to ramp up quite a bit to switch pin 2 'off'. So the output has two relatively stable states and oscillates between the two.
3. The capacitor takes a little time to fill up with charge received via the resistor from pin 2 before it discharges. If you liked you could work out the exact time with some equation using the resistor and capacitor values. Since I'm using a potentiometer (variable resistor with a knob) I can change the frequency of the oscillations.
>>594555 is also a good chip for an oscillator. You set up a couple of capacitors and resistors to control the timing in a similar way and you get a high-low oscillation output at pin 3.
>>590I really want to build a few of the things from that site. My dream is to build a 'noise box' of my own design with a few oscillators and a some tone and distortion controls. Gotta get my 'minimum viable product' complete first though.