No.19558
Cyberwar hasn't been extensively used. Your constraints are a little harsh, OP. Most warfare now is between non-state actors and states. In this realm, cyberwar is actually less of a threat because usually only nation states have both substantial infrastructure and offensive capability.
Between states, cyberwar could be used in the following ways:
1. Disrupting command and control systems. This is the most difficult but the most valuable.
2. Disrupting economic activity of a state. Good example of this is in Russian conflicts where they attacked banks in Estonia or Georgia or Ukraine.
3. Disrupting industrial activity. Stuxnet is the best example.
I'm discriminating here from cyber espionage, which is basically how the Chinese acquire weapons systems. Look at recent Chinese littoral vessels or multirole aircraft.
The lack of open conflict between nation states (and unlikelihood of such conflict ever occurring), combined with the tradeoff that once you shift from being an APT to just disrupting your enemies systems you lose the capabilities for intelligence you once had, means that cyberwar is largely invisible. Russia seems to be the most blatant about offensive cyberwar, along with Israel. Which makes sense because they're both territorially aggressive states with ambitions on their borders.
